Manholes are a key element in a sewer system and provide a junction point for converging sewer pipes. They are also key avenues for accessing these junction points for maintaining, observing and servicing the sewer system.
A precast concrete manhole is a simple, round- or box-shaped structure, with an opening in the top that is covered with a slotted or perforated metal grate, rounded beehive grate, or a flat lid. These structures are often installed near a sewer branch or line, or near important utility features.
Manholes are essentially a column consisting of a base, multiple sections, and one or more cones which affect the depth and circumference of the underground cavity and the surface opening. They are topped with one of several surface lid or grate options, depending on whether they are to collect and channel rainwater.